Restoration 
Plantations and tree crop commodities 
Enhanced nutrition and food security 
Biodiversity, safeguarding and conservation 
Nationally determined contributions 
Bioenergy and biomaterials 
Blue carbon and peatlands 
Climate change adaptation 
Landscape governance 
Gender 
Silvopastoral systems 
Market-based agroforestry-forestry 
Farm-forest policy interface 
Agroecology 
Livelihood trajectory modelling and assessment 
Inclusive finance and business models 
Innovating finance for sustainable landscapes 
Public and private commitments to zero deforestation 
Orphan tree crops 
Effectiveness of approaches to sustainable supply 
Quality of FTA research for development 
Sentinel landscapes 
Foresight 
Seeds and seedlings delivery systems 
Smallholder tree-crop commodities 
At the start of the UN Decade of Ecosystem Restoration (2021 – 2030), the restoration of degraded ecosystems is more than ever a global priority. Tree planting will make up a large share of the ambitious restoration commitments made by countries around the world, but careful planning is needed to select species and seed sources that are suitably adapted to present and future restoration site conditions and that meet the restoration objectives. Here we present a scalable and freely available online tool, Diversity for Restoration (D4R), to identify suitable tree species and seed sources for climate-resilient tropical forest landscape restoration. The D4R tool integrates (1) species habitat suitability maps under current and future climatic conditions; (2) analysis of functional trait data, local ecological knowledge and other species characteristics to score how well species match the restoration site conditions and restoration objectives; (3) optimization of species combinations and abundances considering functional trait diversity or phylogenetic diversity, to foster complementarity between species and to ensure ecosystem multifunctionality and stability; and (4) development of seed zone maps to guide sourcing of planting material adapted to present and predicted future environmental conditions. We outline the various elements behind the tool and discuss how it fits within the broader restoration planning process, including a review of other existing tools. Synthesis and applications. The Diversity for Restoration tool enables non-expert users to combine species traits, environmental data, and climate change models to select tree species and seed sources that best match restoration site conditions and restoration objectives. Originally developed for the tropical dry forests of Colombia, the tool has now been expanded to the tropical dry forests of northwestern Peru - southern Ecuador and the countries of Burkina Faso and Cameroon, and further expansion is underway. Acknowledging that restoration has a wide range of meanings and goals, our tool is intended to support decision making of anyone interested in tree planting and seed sourcing in tropical forest landscapes, regardless of the purpose or restoration approach.
Authors:
Fremout, T.; Thomas, E.; Taedoumg, H.; Briers, S.; Gutiérrez-Miranda, C.E.; Alcázar-Caicedo, C.; Lindau, A.; Kpoumie, H.M.; Vinceti, B.; Kettle, C.; Ekué, M.; Atkinson, R.; Jalonen, R.; Gaisberger, H.; Elliott, S.; Brechbühler, E.; Ceccarelli, V.; Krishnan, S.; Vacik, H.; Wiederkehr-Guerra, G.; Salgado-Negret, B.; González, M.A.; Ramírez, W.; Moscoso-Higuita, L.G.; Vásquez, Á.; Cerrón, J.; Maycock, C.; Muys, B.
Subjects:
biodiversity, ecological restoration, climate change, tropical forests, landscape conservation, seed sources
Publication type:
ISI, Journal Article, Publication
Year:
2021
ISSN:
1365-2664
