The active involvement of everyone living and working in a tropical landscape – from local communities and governments to the private sector and researchers – may be the only way to ensure equitable, sustainable development and landscape resilience, says a new research paper. This integrated approach should include the pooling of indigenous and locally based knowledge, scientific research and policy imperatives, as well as an understanding of associated tradeoffs – a process at the heart of building stronger networks and improving governance. That, in turn, is needed to harmonize conflicting interests and facilitate engagement in tropical landscape decision-making processes, according to the paper published in the journal Biological Conservation.