Restoration 
Plantations and tree crop commodities 
Enhanced nutrition and food security 
Biodiversity, safeguarding and conservation 
Nationally determined contributions 
Bioenergy and biomaterials 
Blue carbon and peatlands 
Climate change adaptation 
Landscape governance 
Gender 
Silvopastoral systems 
Market-based agroforestry-forestry 
Farm-forest policy interface 
Agroecology 
Livelihood trajectory modelling and assessment 
Inclusive finance and business models 
Innovating finance for sustainable landscapes 
Public and private commitments to zero deforestation 
Orphan tree crops 
Effectiveness of approaches to sustainable supply 
Quality of FTA research for development 
Sentinel landscapes 
Foresight 
Seeds and seedlings delivery systems 
Smallholder tree-crop commodities 
Production and marketing of food, fuel, timber, and non-timber forest products (NTFPs)
This research area seeks to answer the following questions:
How can key tipping points in adoption of forest and agroforestry innovations leading to transformation of livelihoods be determined for food security and poverty reduction outcomes? What tools and methods will most efficiently, effectively and equitably support the generation and selection of diverse and inclusive options that improve the use of trees and forests by smallholders and codevelopment of principles for matching options to the fine-scale variation in context? How do contextual factors (biophysical and socioeconomic) affect the suitability of different types of innovations? How can new scientific evidence be most effectively curated to support policy development and negotiation among stakeholders to manage the impacts of land-use change on ecosystem service provision?